In the days when our grandparents were building their homes, they kept things simple and bar a few exceptions these methods continue to cost less to this day. Many would have had a single main entrance door, with a similar rear or side door and installed windows of a fairly standard size, manufactured in a locally sourced material.
The 2021 Code of Practice for Domestic Waste Water Treatment Systems (Population Equivalent ≤ 10) was published on 24th March 2021 and will come into force on the 7th of June.
The 2021 CoP is a result of a public consultation process that started in 2018.
The 2009 Code of Practice will continue to be used for site assessments and subsequent installations commenced before 7th June 2021, or where planning permission has been applied for before that date.
The new guidelines mean that self-builders whose site was unsuitable for development may now be able to find a solution for on site wastewater treatment. The maximum you can get on your percolation test, or T value, has been increased from 90 to 120.
However, this higher threshold isn’t high enough to provide solutions for all sites.
Self-builders in ROI who cannot connect to a mains wastewater system (through Irish Water or a group water scheme) and who fail the percolation test, cannot in practice obtain planning permission.
Compliance with the EPA’s Code of Practice is required under the Building and Planning Control systems.
The Code of Practice makes provisions for applying for a licence under the Water Pollution Act to discharge to a waterway after treatment, as is possible in NI. But in practice these licences are near impossible to get from the local authorities.
According to the Irish Onsite WasteWater Association, the most significant changes to the 2009 Code of Practice are:
Additional options in low permeability soils: The maximum allowable percolation value for domestic waste water treatment systems discharging effluent to ground was 75 under the 2009 Code. Low permeability soils not meeting this limit were unsuitable. The 2021 Code provides two new options for low permeability soils:
Drip dispersal: They can be used in low permeability soils up to a percolation value of 120.
Low-pressure pipe distribution: They can be used in low permeability soils up to a percolation value of 90.
Willow bed evapotranspiration systems: These can be used for secondary treatment of effluent with an offset tertiary soil polishing filter.
De-sludging calculator: The 2021 Code provides a table for working out the de-sludging frequency based on the number of people in the house and the size of the tank
Considering the hours, effort and mental anguish that go into the design of your new home, it is extraordinary that the exact opposite is true of the garden and wider surroundings. Most of us give it a passing thought, amounting to not much more than remembering to ask the digger driver to cut a swathe through the mud up to the front door, to be lined with concrete edging and covered with tarmac later.
The specification of the actual frame makeup will impact on cost, from composite to timber to now frameless (all glass exterior) designs. Much of the cost impact will come from what basic material you choose for the frame. There are four main options:
1. uPVC Cost
Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride, more commonly known as uPVC, is a widely used plastic readily available across the country. It is usually found to be more cost effective than alternative materials, although high-end uPVC products do exist which are more durable and recyclable. Average cost in the region of €250-300/£250 per sqm.
2. Timber Cost
Timber window and door products vary greatly across timber types and styles. At the high end of the scale, sliding sash windows can cost into the thousands per window depending on the size of the unit and hardwood units can also extend to over €1,000 or £900 per sqm. More widely available are softwood, finger jointed units in a standard casement opening which generally run at about €600-700/ £650 per sqm. It should always be kept in mind that the cost of ongoing future maintenance on timber windows should also be factored into the overall selection and costing process.
3. Autoclad Units Cost
Similar to timber, aluclad units are a mixture of an aluminium exterior with the warmth and natural look of a timber finish internally. Once only available in the higher end of the market, aluclad is now a widely available and competitive option. Costing in the region of €500/£450 to €700/£650 per sqm, (prices seem to have increased in recent times), they are generally maintenance free and offer the best of both worlds in term of a timber finish without the need for future maintenance. Units that have an aluminium exterior and a uPVC interior are less expensive than those with a timber interior.
4. Aluminium Cost
Aluminium is a lightweight metal that is highly malleable and offers great strength to a window system. The material of choice for large scale window systems including shopfronts and curtain walling, aluminium offers the ability to achieve architecturally clean lines and large unobstructed glazed sections. Aluminium will generally run at a cost in excess of €750/£700 per sqm and is less widely available.
The frame orientation must also be taken into account, i.e. inward opening
or outward opening. Outward opening units are most common in Ireland, whereas inward opening is more common in Europe and, with tilt and turn, is seen as a good option for being able to naturally ventilate from the top (without opening the entire window) and for cleaning.
Also consider the selection of ironmongery, i.e. handles, childproof mechanisms, etc. Taken together these elements may all impact on the end cost of the units – unless you go for the standard options offered by the manufacturer.
Size and design
Material selection can on occasion be purely dependant on the design size. Traditionally all windows and doors came at a standard maximum height of 2250mm which meant a number of rows of blockwork remaining between the top of the unit and the underside of a ceiling in a standard 2400mm floor to ceiling property.
In recent years, partly driven by the upsurge in the use of architects on domestic properties, the height of these glazed units is very regularly the full floor-to-ceiling height of 2400mm or even 2700mm+.
Many manufacturers are not in a position to produce units of this height due to their manufacturing processes or due to the weight of the glass. It is therefore not unusual to see units combined to achieve the same effect, with for example a window panel installed directly above a door.
But as this can result in visibly thick frame makeups, many architects and designers choose aluminium type solutions which can achieve single unobstructed glazed panels as they are best able to withstand the weight of large glass panels.
In addition to height, the width of the units can similarly provide difficulty to many materials like uPVC and timber. Sliding door systems and large glazed screen panels for example are limited in width with materials like uPVC and timber, whereas aluminium again provides greater options for wider spans.
…make sure you factor in these high costs at the early design stage: the budget must match your design intent’.
Window design and operation has not changed much over the years. The style and manner in which windows operate is still very much in line with the traditional sash, sliding sash and casement designs with the only exception possibly of the tilt and turn option.
Doors by comparison have developed greatly. From the traditional single door system, to a door and screen, to a double door system (french doors), to a sliding door system, to bi folding and concertina arrangements, the selection here will greatly impact on the end cost, from less than a thousand for a single uPVC door to large five figure sums for bi fold, concertina and large aluminium sliding screens.
Therefore make sure you factor in these high costs at the early design stage: the budget must match your design intent.
In previous issues in this series we have outlined the dangers of budgeting for your domestic build with reference to average costs per sqm or sqft, and this is especially the case for windows and doors considering the number of units required for a new home and the vast range of specifications available.
How much does triple glazing cost?
Double glazed glass units are still the most commonly specified
at present but triple glazing is catching up quickly. The cost difference between the two varies greatly across manufacturers; at most triple glazing could add up to 30 per cent to the glazing costs.
It is also currently common to have triple glazed units specified on certain elevations (most notably north facing) and double glazing on others (most notably south facing) and these decisions form part of the energy rating calculation for the property.
